Physics of a Kayak (Qayaq) Essay - 774 Words

Qayaqs, now known as kyaks, were used by the Yupik Eskimos of Southwest Alaska. The Qayaq is a symbol of the Yupik culture. It symbolizes the significance of subsistence and using the surrounding resources to survive. This vessel also represents the intelligence and ingenuity of the Yupik people developing and designing a water craft that was swift, quiet, and could withstand harsh water turbulence. They were used as a mode of transportation for subsistence hunting and gathering. They were also a symbol of importance in society. ...it was the basis among men for obtaining wealth and women (Zimmerly, 40). Wealth was measured on the ammount of goods a man could give away, indicating he was a successful hunter. In turn, because this†¦show more content†¦The beam of approximately 30 inches gave the kyak excellent stability and combined with a sealable waterproof gut-skin parka and one or two recovery techniques, made it very seaworthy ( Zimmerly, 40). The wood used was drift wood, and was steamed and bent into the prefered shape. The pegs to hold the ribs in place were made out of specially selected driftwood or caribou antler. The seal skin was removed from any hair, dried, and then soaked in urine and rain water to make it flexible enough to sew. Then the skins sewn together with sinew on the outside, and then re-sewn on the inside with dried beach grass to make sure it was waterproof. The skins are then lashed onto the frame and then oiled with seal oil and then caulked with a mixture of moss and seal oil. (Delta Discovery) The shape of a qayaq is the most important characteristic to determine whether it will flow well in the water. When a qayaq floats, it displaces an amount of water that is equal to its weight because water is incompressible. When the qayaq is moving, it displaces more water. The amount of displacement depends on the weight of the qayaq and the speed it is moving. If the path of the water was blocked, say by a flat front, more energy would be needed to move the qayaq. This is why streamlining, or laminar flow is important and needs to be considered when looking at the physics of a qayaq. (http://www.rockisland.com/~kyak/floatbod.html) There

Cities Of Salt By Abdelrahman Munif And Oil On Water

Throughout the novels Cities of Salt by Abdelrahman Munif and Oil on Water by Helon Habila, oil is portrayed very differently. The characters of Cities of Salt are constantly subjected to the effects of oil, without ever seeing the commodity that is negatively impacting their lives. In Oil on Water, the characters are unable to get away from oil or its effects as it is a visible, determining factor in their lives. This difference in the visibility of oil consequently dictates whether characters are repulsed or intrigued by it. Since Rufus provides an unreliable narrative in Oil on Water, the reader can never fully trust his interpretation of events as he sometimes has â€Å"to make up the obscured moments as I go along, make up the faces and†¦show more content†¦Conversely, oil is seen consistently throughout Oil on Water. Although the characters see similar environmental effects, such as â€Å"the carcasses of the fish and crabs and water birds that floated on the deserte d beaches of these tiny towns and villages every morning, killed by the oil† (193), they also see the oil itself. The oil’s presence and the industry surrounding it, such as â€Å"the ever-present pipelines crisscrossing the landscape†, allows the characters to learn more about oil, its manufacturing and effects. As these characters are able to see oil and understand it to a greater extent, they are able to use it to their advantage. Their ability to do this as inspires them to think about and sometimes attempt to work towards, as the militants do, a society and economy where they can reap the oil’s benefits. Once they realize the profits would not otherwise affect them, many people, including Rufus’s father, begin making their livings illegally off the oil. Although they are buying and selling oil illegally, â€Å"This is the only business booming in this town† (69). The people are forced to give up their traditional lifestyle, but cannot be come fully reliant on the foreigners as the characters from Cities of Salt do. This difference in the portrayal of oil as either an obscure social force or as a physical object overpowering the land has an enormous influence on how both the characters and the reader view the oil. It changes from an entity altering their lives forShow MoreRelatedCities of Salt by Abdul Rahman Munif2167 Words   |  9 PagesColonial Arabic Novel â€Å"Cities of Salt† Cities of Salt has often been read as at once an elegy for a disfigured space and society, and a chronicle of its transformation. How does Munif represent the encounter with and effects of global capital and its arrival? How are tradition, traditional social ties on the one hand, and the encounter with the foreign other represented? What are the limitations and potential problems of attempting to write such a work? Elaborate! Abdelrahman Munif, a Jordanian born

Business for Training and Developmental Programs - myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1.Describe how service and manufacturing firms are different when it comes to innovation? 2. What tendencies the manufacturing and services exhibit in exploiting customer ideas for new offerings? 3.What are the alternative ways services formalising the innovative process? 4.Why senior managers in service organisations should participate in the ideation process? 5. Are there any differences between new services and new products in the role of the customers for idea sourcing across sectors? Answers: 1. The major differences between the service and manufacturing firms are the tangibility of the outcomes, i.e., tangible or intangible. The service firms mainly focus on the outcomes such as consultancy, training and developmental programs that are intangible whereas the manufacturing firms include the production of physical products and services that could be felt and touched by the customers to fulfill their needs and requirements. From the innovation perspective, service firms manage innovation through the selection of services that can create effective patterns to formalise the process of innovation. The service innovation could enable the organisation to respond to the changing needs of consumers and develop new delivery methods by improving the communication and information technology system efficiency (Aarikka-Stenroos and Sandberg 2012). The manufacturing firms innovation allows for managing research and development activities for innovating the products and enhancing its qua lities to ensure customer satisfaction. 2. The service firm manages innovation by developing new products and services, gain additional benefits to prevent simulated products development by its competitors and predict future outcomes to ensure continuous improvements all throughout. The manufacturing firms innovate by establishing a good relationship between standardisation and formalisation to improve the structure of organisation. Making decisions is an integral aspect of organisational success, and it is a major innovation procedure for the manufacturing firms as well because it can not only promote a healthy culture but will also result in enhancing the organisational efficacy (Armstrong et al. 2015). 3. Formalization of innovative processes has helped in linking the predicted outcomes with the structure and strategies followed by the organisations. This has facilitated innovative behaviours among the workers and enabled them to become more creative while managing the production of goods and services. The protection of intellectual properties such as copyrights, trademarks, etc. can be done to formalise the innovative processes and generate improvements in the areas of production, delivery, research and development activities. The service firms have made changes in the global economic environment and implemented effective information technology to improve the outsourcing and communication processes too (De Luca and Atuahene-Gima 2013). 4. The involvement of senior managers is essential not only for decision making but also to formulate new ideas and concepts. As the senior managers hold the most authority and power to make the organisation function properly, it is important for them to get involved in the process of ideation and ensure that proper decisions are made by assessing the data and information obtained from the beta testing. The senior managers could guide the employees in the right direction by making them understood about their roles and responsibilities and furthermore train the workers to make them skilled and knowledgeable as well. Their opinions and ideas matter and it could help in improving the research and development activities too (Lusch and Nambisan 2015). 5. Yes, there are differences between services and products related to the idea sourcing across sectors. By obtaining ideas, the customers would be able to know about the new products and how those could satisfy them whereas the new services of the organisations could help in innovating the manufacturing and production processes for delivering the best quality products to the customers. Based on the surveys, data and information were collected, and this had made the customers informed about the innovation procedures along with the corporate structure and performance as well (Aarikka-Stenroos and Sandberg 2012). References Aarikka-Stenroos, L. and Sandberg, B., 2012. From new-product development to commercialization through networks.Journal of Business Research,65(2), pp.198-206. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. De Luca, L.M. and Atuahene-Gima, K., 2013, May. Market knowledge dimensions and cross-functional collaboration: Examining the different routes to product innovation performance. American Marketing Association. Lusch, R.F. and Nambisan, S., 2015. Service innovation: A service-dominant logic perspective.Mis Quarterly,39(1).